The Role of a Journalist - 1307 Words

Role of Journalist Australian writer/journalist Karl Karus said it best when he said, â€Å"corruption is worse than prostitution. The latter might endanger the morals of an individual, the former invariably endangers the morals of the entire country.† For decades, the United States has been one the most notable countries to come under fire with reports of government corruption. During the dawn of the new millennium the Transparency Corruption began to publish their Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI), a culmination of assessments and opinion surveys by experts which rank countries based on their perceived corruption. In 2012, the U.S ranked 19 out of 174 countries. Its often questioned how this report would vary had it been published decades before when whistle blowers and journalist were striving to shed light onto government corruption in the 50s , 60s, and 70s. Throughout the history of the United States its been the responsibility of journalist and whistle blowers to report dishon esty and injustice created by those in power. In a letter to Virginia statesman Edward Carrington, President Thomas Jefferson shared his views on the press and government. The basis of our governments being the opinion of the people, the very first object should be to keep that right; and were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter. Its been thisShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Journalists On The Media3097 Words   |  13 Pageson the news media to connect us to the entire world, which is why the role of journalists is essential. Journalists have the very important duty of reporting on current events accurately and objectively. Along with written text, pictures also tell a story, which presents a continuous ethical issue for many journalists. Although newspapers and magazines routinely publish photos, there are many ethical values that journalists must consi der before publishing those photos, such as the impact a photoRead MoreJournalists Played A Great Role During The Vietnam War Essay4155 Words   |  17 PagesIntroduction It is clear that journalists played a great role during the Vietnam War considering that they were source of advice and motivation during the war. Many journalists have been recognized due to their efforts during the war where there were radios that broadcasted thus addressing some issues that needed to be known by people. There several American soldiers who have been quoted mentioning their experiences during those times where journalists were heard on radios and newspapers. In orderRead MoreChanging Perceptions And Practices Of Chinese Journalists Essay874 Words   |  4 Pagesshows that online media journalists and radio journalists tend to feel more optimistic about the future of technological change in journalism industry, while print media journalists and TV journalists hold more pessimistic views about the future of their occupations (Zhou, 2009). Thus, the following hyphothesis was formulated: H7: Print media journalists and TV journalists are more likely to choose career change than online media journalists and radio journalists. Methodology The purposeRead MoreHow Gender Affects Women s Role1644 Words   |  7 PagesResearch Paper: How Gender Affects Women s role in Newsrooms? While the increasing of female journalists ratio in newsrooms regarded as an accomplishment for women, statistics and other variables indicate the contrary. The fact that women s representation in newsrooms became larger than the past takes a lot of attention. However, most people do not know that this slightly enhance in women s representation remained stagnant for decades. A quick glance on the editorial positions of media’s organizationsRead MoreIn this era of globalization, news reporting is no longer just a means of communications, but it1100 Words   |  5 PagesIn this era of globalization, news reporting is no longer just a means of communications, but it has also developed into a tool for change. Prominent journalists like Julian Assange, Nick Davies, Sir Charles Wheeler and many more has changed the landscape and outcomes of information, war and news reporting itself. But Martin Bell has challenged the fundamentals of journalism that is to be balanced and impartial with what he calls ‘Journalism of Attachment’. He even coined the phrase, ‘bystanders’Read MoreJournalists And Public Relations Practitioners1327 Words   |  6 PagesJournalists and Public Relations (PR) practitioners interact with each other every day as part of the process of news production. Journalists communicate towards public relations practitioners with requests for information or material to help produce the stories they are writing. While public relations practitioners advise stories and deliver journalists with information they have created themselves in hope to be published in the newspaper. The relationship between journalists and public relationsRead MoreSocial Media Is Pointless And Detrimental1641 Words   |  7 PagesFurthermore, there are more than 11 million citizens who had been forced to be loyal to President Bashar al-Assad. Otherwise, they would of been compelled to leave their homes. Referring to Saxon, D.’s case study, Syrian civil war stimulated citizen journalists’ willingness to get evolved in politics (Saxon, 2013). In four-and-a- half years of armed conflict, hot-blooded citizens who were behind the revolutions employed social media as a temporary press, contributing with their documentaries of the revolutionsRead More Citizen Journalism1587 Words   |  7 PagesJoan Cornell notes that the Internet democratizes the journalism which was in the hand of the few people (2003). The Internet makes the public access to information; at the same time, it creates the public to be journalists, opening blogs to put something new around on the Intern et. Many news websites like The Guardian, the Washington Post, CNN and MSNBC allows some personification. The journalism nowadays is facing challenges not only from media and technology convergence, but also from audienceRead MoreMerrill’s Arguments in â€Å"the Professionalization of Journalism† Against Professionalizing Journalism1674 Words   |  7 Pagesfor Merrill it cannot be considered a profession due to the fact that journalists do not have a direct relationship with their clients, there are no entry requirements and they do not follow a prescribed code of ethics or a standard way by which their behavior is judged against/regulated. Also, Merrill asserts that journalists do not possess one specialized body of knowledge but rather command many disciplines. If journalists came from only one shared common knowledge, this would restrict the perspectivesRead MoreThe Media And Mass Communication Essay1713 Words   |  7 Pagescomputerized, or networked informati on and communication technologies (Electronic Frontier Foundation, 2009). Examples of new media include internet forums, blogs, wikis, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and Flickr. There can be no gainsaying that the distinct role of the media, aside from providing entertainment, is the dissemination of information to the general public. The purpose of this paper is to critically examine how the media influences politics. What are the sources of News in the US? According to

The Roles of Women in Death of a Salesman, by Arthur Miller

In his play Death of a Salesman, Arthur Miller uses â€Å"the common man as a fit subject for tragedy in the highest sense† (Lawrence, Trudeau and Ross Vol. 1) and failure in the accomplishment of the American. The play tends to recline more in the direction of masculinity where men’s sole role is to get a job and support the family and the woman be seen and ordered which brings out the idea of traditional gender roles at its best. Though this is the case, it is very evident that women played an important role in this play. Although every character in the served and had a main purpose, women served a major role not only as subjects of submission and satisfaction who helped define who the men really were in the 1940’s but also as elements of support and wisdom. Let’s first consider how the main character Willy viewed women and how this contributes to his character development. Willy Loman the head of the Loman family, is known to treat his wife Linda like a minor who can neither think nor make decisions on her own. From the beginning to the end of the play, he is seen as a person who hates to be objected but always wants Linda to be on his side regarding matters. An example of women’s role is seen when Linda and Willy were talking about their elder son Biff: LINDA: You shouldn’t have criticised him, Willy, especially after he just got off the train. You mustn’t lose your temper with him. WILLY: When the hell did I lose my temper? I simply asked him if he was making any money. IsShow MoreRelatedWomen’s Treatment in Death of a Salesman1463 Words   |  6 PagesWomen’s treatment in Death of a Salesman December 11, 2012 Abstract In our today’s men and women hold equal rights, however, in times prior to the 1950’s the majority of people would agree men held favorable positions and were said to be superior over women. Unfortunately this behavior still exists in countries. Arthur Miller’s, Death of a Salesman probes into these issues and solidifies how the past plagued woman. Miller categorizes women into two buckets; housewives or whores. TheRead More Tragic Heroes in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman and Henrik Ibsens A Dolls House1709 Words   |  7 PagesHeroes in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman and Henrik Ibsens A Dolls House Dramatists such as Aristotle started to write a series of plays called tragedies. They were as follows: the play revolved around a great man such as a king or war hero, who possessed a tragic flaw. This flaw or discrepancy would eventually become his downfall. These types of plays are still written today, for example, Arthur Millers Death of Salesman and Henrik Ibsens A Dolls House. Death of Salesman shows theRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Death Of A Salesman 1325 Words   |  6 PagesArthur Miller is one of the most successful and enduring playwrights of the post-war era in America. He focuses on middle-class anxieties since the theme of anxiety and insecurity reflects much of Arthur Miller’s own past. The play addresses loss of identity and a man’s inability to change within him and society (Miller 16). The American Dream has been an idea that has motivated society for centuries. It often times becomes the main theme for many movies, novels, and poems. In , The Death of aRead MoreAnalysis Of Death Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller1270 Words   |  6 PagesDeath of a Salesman, by Arthur Miller 1245 Words 5 Pages Death of A Salesman, written by Arthur Miller, is a play based on the turmoil within an average American family. Miller wrote Death of A Salesman easily showcasing the elements of drama. I was easily able to follow the plot, identify with his characters, and picture the setting. The main theme of the plot seemed to be Willy reaching for the American Dream. Financial success, business success, outwardly perfect family, revered by your peersRead More Death of a Salesman, by Arthur Miller Essay1241 Words   |  5 Pages Death of A Salesman, written by Arthur Miller, is a play based on the turmoil within an average American family. Miller wrote Death of A Salesman easily showcasing the elements of drama. I was easily able to follow the plot, identify with his characters, and picture the setting. The main theme of the plot seemed to be Willy reaching for the American Dream. Financial success, business success, outwardly perfect family, revered by your peers, and in general respected by all. EarlyRead MoreWilly Lohan: A Poor Role Model to His Two Sons Biff and Happy651 Words   |  3 PagesWilly Lohan, a poor role model to his two sons Biff and Happy In his stage play Death of a Salesman, Arthur Miller introduces us to the family of Willy Lohan. There is greater influence of the parents to the children as is portrayed in the play. Willy Loman laxity has weighed heavily on the conduct of his sons, Happy and Biff. The main theme in the play is sustained in the play with the sons of Willy attaining their personality from their father. We learn that one’s upbringing shapes their behaviorRead More Portrayal of Women in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman Essay1679 Words   |  7 PagesPortrayal of Women in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman Although Death of a Salesman is mainly about a salesman named Willy Loman, the almost hidden presence of the women in the novel goes all too often unnoticed.   Linda Loman seems to be the glue that holds the Loman clan together, as Willy, Biff, and Happy are all deluded in one way or another.   Arthur Miller depicts Willys wife in a very specific way, and this is a very crucial part of the story.   He depicts the other women in the storyRead MoreArthur Millers Death of a Salesman Essay904 Words   |  4 PagesArthur Millers Death of a Salesman Arthur Millers play, Death of a Salesman contains many themes of success and failure. They include the apartment buildings, the rubber hose, Willys brother Ben, the tape recorder, and the seeds for the garden. These symbols represent Willys attempts to be successful and his impending failure. In the start Willy and Linda moved to a home in Brooklyn, as it at the time seemedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Of A Salesman And Millers And Williams Plays1102 Words   |  5 Pagesis imbued by its overarching sense of progress. For example: In Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman, the modernistic agenda is to show what it takes to achieve the American Dream. Willy Loman fiercely believes that anyone attractive and well liked can be successful in life. â€Å" The man who makes an appearance in the business world, the man who creates personal interest is the man who gets ahead. Be liked and you will never want.† (Miller, 33) Postmodernism is a reaction to the logic, simplificationRead MoreDeath of a Salesman and American Beauty1220 Words   |  5 PagesDeath of a Salesman is a play by Arthur Miller that follows the dying days of Willy Loman. Willy is a salesman who is not very at selling whatever he is selling so he takes the easy way out and goes to his neighbor, Charley, who has worked very hard for his money. Willy thinks that Charley and his son Bernard are nerdy and that they are not successful. Success to Willy is all about looks, which is why his son Biff grew up with the idea that as long as you are well liked than you will be successful

Gangs 3 Essay Research Paper Gangs in free essay sample

Gangs 3 Essay, Research Paper Gangs in one signifier or another have been around for 100s of old ages. Plagiarists were likely some of the original bad packs. The groups that traditionally come to mind when one thinks of modern twenty-four hours packs are the Crips and the Bloods from California. The beginnings of the Crips and Bloods can be traced to the late 60 # 8217 ; s, and the pack civilization is so ingrained on the West seashore that many households have three and even four coevalss of mobsters shacking in the same abode. Depending on whose figures you listen to ( authorities functionaries have a inclination to downsize the Numberss ) , L.A. gangs figure between 800 and 1000, with anyplace from 120,000 to 220,000 members. As of January, 1993, we have identified about 40 named street packs in Pulaski County with 800 # 8211 ; 1000 identified members. These Numberss are frequently debated, and depending on whose standards is used to make up ones mind who is and is non a gangbanger. The figures could be well higher. Oftentimes, immature peripheral or associate pack members get their first exposure to the pack civilization through assorted facets of the media # 8211 ; intelligence shows, films, pictures, and even through the music of assorted creative persons. Some music and films tend to romanticize the pack life style. Many childs who gravitate to packs make so out of a demand to belong to something and for the power that is gained from being in a pack. The society that we live in makes alternate life styles really appealing. I believe, nevertheless, that the demand for attending and the desire to obtain material goods are fast going the motives driving childs to these groups. While carry oning a prison interview with a immature adult male who was approximately to pass his eighteenth birthday in the prison where the most violent inmates are housed for his portion in the robbery and violent death of two spirits shop clerks, I was told that in order for this child to hold stayed away from the fo rce, a function theoretical account should hold intervened with him when he was around four old ages old. He went on to state that his life was to a great extent influenced by the street traders and mobsters in his place of birth of Oakland, California. He finally ended up selling cleft cocaine on the streets of Little Rock and made 1000s of dollars per hebdomad. When asked what he did with all of the money, he said that he paid off his household # 8217 ; s debt, purchased relations places and apparels, and merely by and large did what everyone does with money. While in prison, these childs become exposed to and indoctrinated into the universe of existent life gangbangers who are genuinely the hardest of the hard-core. Then, back to the streets these bangers go with more # 8220 ; knowledge # 8221 ; than of all time could hold been gained on the streets. When they are in prison, many addition rank or # 8220 ; juice # 8221 ; within their pack because they went to the # 8220 ; joint # 8221 ; . While most childs on the streets are good childs, every bit long as society continues in the way in which we are presently floating, all childs must be considered at hazard. , a pack can be considered to be a slackly organized group of persons who collaborate together for societal grounds. Modern twenty-four hours packs now collaborate together for anti-social grounds. Gangs by and large have a leader or group of leaders who issue orders and harvest the fruits of the pack # 8217 ; s activities. A pack may besides have on their # 8220 ; colourss # 8221 ; , wear certain types of vesture, tattoos, trade names, or similarly form their pack # 8217 ; s name, logo, or other placing Markss on their organic structures. Many packs besides adopt certain types of hairdos and communicate through the usage of manus signals and graffito on walls, streets, school work, and school belongings. It must be understood that it is non illegal to be in a pack and so many grownups are presently involved in activities that meet Webster # 8217 ; s definition for a pack. However, many packs of today, particularly vernal packs, interrupt the jurisprudence to supply support for pack activities or to foster the pack # 8217 ; s repute on the streets. Gangs may place with a big metropolis pack or remain locally turf oriented. Development of local intelligence every bit good as pro-active events are a compulsory portion of covering with this job. Schools must develop lines of communicating with jurisprudence enforcement functionaries in order to track and forestall pack growing and force efficaciously. Sociologists every bit good as pack members have isolated the undermentioned grounds for fall ining a street pack: Additionally, many childs are intimidated into packs to avoid continued torment. Gangs provide their members and household members with protection from other packs every bit good as any other sensed menaces Gang members are non all black. Indeed, one of the largest street packs in the Little Rock country has merely a few black members. Several members of this pack were late arrested for attempted slaying after fire-bombing a place in an effort at revenge. We have besides identified several all female packs who have their ain reputes that are every bit fierce as any of the male packs. Male gang members in private have even expressed fright of several of the ladies of the female packs. There are besides many white teens who are fall ining hatred groups and assorted other groups who promote racial inharmoniousness. These groups appear to be turning in figure and may hold organized enlisting attempts planned for your country. Recently while talking to a parent/teacher group, I was told by a female parent of her boy # 8217 ; s activity combustion crosses and have oning white robes and goons. When asked why she allowed this activity, she said she was afraid of her boy and would non step in. Any activity by or information about these groups should be passed along to your local constabulary governments.

Slavery and Slavery and the Bible Essay Example

Slavery and Slavery and the Bible Essay Slavery has perhaps played a role in human history throughout all time.   Maybe the actual origins of slavery are obscure, but addressing its history provides some idea as to its origins.   Throughout history, slaves were generally gathered from among those individuals who were of a different ethnic origin, nationality, race or religion.   The practice of slavery is almost always a matter of economics in which the less fortunate or poor are forced to provide service to those who have power.   In many parts of the world, slaves were often taken during conflict between different ethnic groups and/or tribes.   The victor took slaves and the loser became enslaved.   In the ancient Mediterranean world, slavery was a mixture of debt-slavery, punishment for crime and capture followed by enslavement as prisoners of war.We cannot be certain as to the nature and existence of slavery in sub-Saharan African societies before the Europeans arrived, but we know that Africans have been s ubjected to several forms of slavery over the centuries.   They were enslaved by Muslims, by Europeans in trans-Atlantic slave trading and possibly by each other.   In Africa and elsewhere around the world, early slavery generally resulted when warring groups took captives.   Captives were a burden and of little use, so they were often sold and transported to distant locations.   Slaves resulted from war and also as a means to produce wealth.   For example, in parts of Africa, land was typically held communally by villages or large clans.   The amount of land a family needed was determined by the number of laborers the family had to work the land.   Thus, the quickest and easiest means to increase production and therefore to acquire land was by acquiring more laborers and invest in slaves.   Many African societies conducted slave raids on distant villagers for this purpose.Most of the early African slaves were women.   They did the agricultural work, traded, spun c otton and dyed clothes.   They also performed domestic chores such as cooking, washing clothes and cleaning.   Powerful African men kept female slaves as wives or concubines and also as symbols of wealth.   Male slaves performed farm work, herded animals, worked as porters and rowers and learned crafts.   Slaves, both male and female, but especially male slaves, could gain positions of high status and trust within their society.   Because of their dependence on their masters and their limited ambitions, slaves were considered ideal individuals to be close to men in power.Several forms of slavery have been common throughout history.   These include chattel slavery, debt bondage, forced labor and serfdom.   Chattel slaves are slaves who were considered as property to be traded such as the slavery common in American slave history.   They had no rights and are expected to perform labor and sexual favors when commanded to do so.   Africans were subjected to several form s of slavery over the centuries, including chattel slavery under both the Muslims with the trans-Saharan slave trade, and Europeans through the trans-Atlantic slave trade.   Debt bondage involves using individuals as collateral against debt.   The debtor provides labor as compensation for his/her debt.They are bonded to the person to whom they owe a debt until the debt is paid, but in many cases, further debts accrue during the period of bondage so that the debt is never paid.   It may even be inherited and passed on across several generations.   Debt bondage is encountered in the Bible.   In forced labor, individuals were enslaved based on a threat of violence against the slave or his/her family.   Finally, serfdom involved tenant farmers who were bound to a section of land and was under the control of a landlord.   The serf maintained his subsistence through cultivating the landlords land and providing other services.   Serfs were tied to the land and could not lea ve it or marry, sell goods or change occupation without the permission of their landlord.   Serfdom was common and more or less restricted to medieval Europe.   Except for serfdom, most of these forms of slavery can be found somewhere in the Bible.   Although considered a European condition, several African kingdoms such as the Zulu in the early nineteenth century did have situations similar to serfdom.Where do we encounter slavery in the Bible and how is it dealt with?   Some form of slavery is common throughout the Old and New Testaments.   In the Old Testament, slavery is focused in the first five books, especially in Leviticus and Exodus, where the Israelites lived in exile after having been enslaved in Egypt.   However, some form of slavery seems to have been a commonly accepted way of life throughout much of the Old Testament.   Although an accepted part of life, slavery was not necessarily viewed with favor.   Yet, it is not necessarily looked upon with disdai n either.   The prophets were sometimes referred to as Lord (although many biblical prophets were reviled), which is a symbolic reference to slavery, and they were also considered to be servants, which is a Hebrew and Greek reference to slave† (see below).   Moses became a spokesman for the Hebrews and the servant of God during these years in exile as a herder.   Abraham had a servant woman Hagar (Genesis 16:15).   When Abrahams wife Sarah could not have children, Hagar acted as his concubine and had children for him as was customary servant women during those times.We have pointed out the idea of debt slavery.   Recall that debt bondage involves using individuals as collateral against debt in return for labor.   Leviticus 25:39 says that if your brother living with you becomes poor and is sold to you in bondage slavery, you should not compel him to be a bond slave.   Rather, you should hire him as a servant.   You should eventually free him to return to his ow n family and unto the possession of his fathers. (Lev. 25:40).   Leviticus allows individuals to buy slaves from the children of foreigners who reside with you and give them as inheritance to your children.   You may even enslave them forever, but you must not rule harshly over your slaves (Lev. 25:44-46).We also find that the Israelis were enslaved in Egypt.   The Bible says that the Egyptians made the children of Israel serve with rigor: and they made their lives bitter with hard bondage, mortar, and brick, and in all manner of service in the field:   all their service, wherein they made them serve, was with rigor. (Exodus 1: 13-14)   According the Bible, when the king of Egypt died, God heard the groans of Israel and acted on them. (Ex. 2:23-25)   There are references to the slavery of Israelites in Egypt throughout the first five books of the Old Testament.   In Deuteronomy 15, some slaves were released from debts every seven years.   This practice was called a s abbatical after the Sabbath and has impacted on culture today in academic circles where academicians receive a sabbatical year off with pay to study or do other things.In the New Testament, the existence of or reference to slavery is more subtle and may often be overlooked, but as is true in the Old Testament, slavery appears to have more or less been an accepted part of life and commonly referred to in an almost matter of fact way.   The Hebrew and Greek words â€Å"servant† mean â€Å"slave.†Ã‚   Both Peter (2 Peter 1:1) and Paul (Romans 1:1; Titus 1:1) considered themselves to be a â€Å"servant,† first and then an apostle while both James and Jude proclaimed themselves to be servants of Christ (James 1:1; Jude 1:1; Colossians 4:12).   Another common reference to slavery is in mans relationship to God and in the relationship between Jesus and his followers.   If you recall, Jesus is referred to as Lord or the Lord and as â€Å"Master†.   Refere nce to the Lord may be confused as referring to either God or to Jesus and, in fact, some Christian religions actually believe that Jesus was/is God, something that Jesus himself denies.   In medieval England, the Lord referred to the landlord and the serfs of the landlord were his servants and slaves.   Although it was not like later serfdom in medieval England, a similar relationship existed between the servants in biblical times and their master.Paul, who may have believed at one time that Christ was God and at another time that Christ was a special servant of God (this issue is not entirely clear but many things Paul says are note entirely clear), referred to Christ a one who â€Å"purchased salvation from God with his own blood, a common Christian belief today. (Acts 20:28)   Thus, Paul believed that a slave (of God, apparently) who converts to the teachings of Christ becomes free from slavery through the purchase Christ made.   Thus, the message presented throughout m ost of the New Testament has to do with a servant/slave-master relationship between God and man, God and Christ, Christ and other men and other men and Christ.   Christ viewed himself as the servant of men and Christians view themselves as the servants of Christ.   Virtually the entire New Testament is an allegorical reference to slavery.In the both the Old and New Testaments, we also encounter reference to individual slaves such as the New Testament slave Onesimus.   Onesimus, the slave of Philemon at Colosse, robbed his master and fled but the Apostle Paul vowed to repay his debt.   (Philemon 1:16, 18)   Throughout the New Testament, stories are told and situations are presented in terms of master and slave.   God is often portrayed as the master, but in the New Testament, Christ is referred to as the Master.   This often causes confusion as to the nature of Christ.   Was Christ also God, a man or both?   Also, the Bible depicts the relationship between God and m an as situations between a master and a servant.   Servant and slave can be used interchangeably in some situations as would be expected since he word â€Å"servant† comes from the Greek and Hebrew words for slave.If we refer to serfdom in medieval Europe, we see that serfs were more or less slaves tied to the land and forbidden to leave, even forbidden to marry without permission.   However, serfs were not necessarily referred to as slaves, but as servants although serfdom was clearly a form of slavery.   In fact, throughout history, many servants were merely slaves working off some debt.   So, reference to a servant throughout the Bible, particularly in the New Testament where Jesus is portrayed as a servant, is also a subtle reference to slavery.   We constantly encounter reference to servant and master throughout the Bible.   Jesus was the master to his disciples and his disciples were his servants while, paradoxically, Jesus was also the servant to his discip les and to all of mankind.Jesus used examples of servitude in parables to illustrate various points.   For example, Christ tells the parable of the trustworthy servant whose master left him to manage the household staff and all the property.   Christ remarks, I tell you this:   he will be put in charge of all his masters property (Matthew 24:45-47).   This is exactly what had happened to Joseph, the son of Jacob, earlier in the Bible, in Genesis where it is said,Think of my master.   He does not know as much as I do about his own house, and he has entrusted me with all he has.Genesis 39:4, 9This, of course, is a reference to slavery.   Once when a rich man approached him and asked, Master, what good must I do to gain eternal life?   (Matthew 19:16), after some discussion about what the man had already done Christ replied,If you wish to go the whole way, go, sell your possessions, and give to the poor, and then you will have riches in heaven; and come, follow me.Matthew 19:21This situation is an example of how slavery is used in the Bible in that Christ taught that in order to be one with God, it was important to become the servant to all.   Christ taught as wisdom that Whoever wants to be great must be your servant, and whoever wants to be first must be the willing servant of all (Matthew 20:26-28; Mark 10:43-45).Has the Bible impacted or changed our worldview about slavery?   That is a difficult question to answer.   In American slavery, the Bible was used to keep slaves peaceful and to hold them down.   Slaves were forbidden to be taught to read and write while, at the same time, they were taught passages from the Bible designed to keep them passive.   Thus, the Bible was used to justify slavery in seventeenth, eighteenth and especially in nineteenth century America.   In other parts of the world where Bible based Christian religions were not common, slavery continued without resistance or abatement well up to the twentieth century.    Slavery still exists in some parts of the world, especially in Asia where sexual slavery is rather common and may be the most common form of slavery, but those parts of the world are not Bible based regions.   However, various forms of employment slavery are still common in parts of South and Central America where the predominant religion is Catholicism.   Child slavery for cheap labor and child prostitution are still prevalent throughout Asia and South America—i.e., in countries with and without Bible based religions as the basic religion.Certainly, slavery is not as open today as it was in the past, but whether that is a result of an impact from the Bible or merely the result of the idea that those under the yoke of cruelty will eventually rise up against those holding them down is not certain.   Certain, religions played a role in the Civil Rights movement in the US, a movement that more or less grew out of slave history.   Reverend Martin Luther King used con cepts from Mahatma Gandhi and Jesus Christ to combat racism and the scars of Western slavery, so the Bible was involved.   Still, it can probably be argued that people just got tired of being held down and finally stood up in favor of being treated the way the felt they should have been treated.It is not likely that Rosa Parks was thinking about any aspect of the slavery in the Bible when she refused to give up her seat on the bus on December 1, 1955 even though her religion may never have been far from her mind.   Plus, it is certain that when she refused to get up, nobody could have guessed at that time that Reverend Martin Luther King, more or less an unknown, would have used Christs teachings of turning the other cheek and Mahatma Gandhi’s teaching of passive resistance to combat the twentieth century vestiges of slavery.   Still, those things happened, so in some sense, the Bible has had an impact on slavery in the world and the worldview of slavery today.   Even up to the end of the twentieth century, Nelson Mandela continued to carry the banner of Christ, Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther and Martin Luther King to combat the vestiges of slavery in South Africa and perhaps influenced events in Rhodesia as well.   So, the Bible certainly has impacted, both positively and negatively, on slavery in to and including modern times.Has the social movement of slavery changed over time?   The answer is probably, Yes.   Although slavery still exists, much of it has gone underground.   Also, although slavery is still common, it is not as widespread or open as in the past.   However, slavery is still basically an economic issue as it probably always will be.   Today, child enslavement, the enslavement of the poor in sweat shops and sexual slavery are the most common forms of slavery.   All forms of slavery are more or less underground and slavery is illegal in most parts of the world where Bible based religions are predominant except in Isla mic countries.   (Remember, Islam is also a Bible based religion even though its main Holy Book is the Koran.   The Bible is the second most Holy Book of Islam and Moses is the second greatest Prophet after Mohammed.)   So, perhaps the two greatest changes in the social movement of slavery over time have been that fact that todays slavery has gone underground and that slavery is not as widespread anywhere in the world as it was in the past.The culture of slavery has changed dramatically since its historical beginnings.   In most of the world, there is no open culture of slavery today, at least not in the Western world.   Individuals who live in the West and still engage in slavery realize that they cannot do so openly and, in fact, even most, but certainly not all non-Western cultures realize that they cannot openly engage in slavery today.   Still, slavery exists elsewhere and there is little that can be done to eliminate it.   It will always exist underground because of its economic value to those who engage in it.   I feel that today’s changes are positive, but we certainly have a long way to go.   Whereas slavery in the past was legal in much of the world, today it is not.   In fact, slavery is illegal in most of the world, certainly in most of the Western world.The problem is that the vestiges of slavery that exist today are and will remain underground.   Whereas slavery in the past was immoral and ultimately doomed to be confronted, most slavery today thus can only be confronted when caught because it is underground.   Victims of slavery are often just as afraid of the law as of those who have them enslaved.   Todays slavery is certainly just as likely to be confronted in the future as open slavery was in the past, and it is equally as immoral as in the past, but now it has gone underground because it is illegal.   Therefore, it will be much more difficult to recognize, find and combat.   So, I feel that the changes w e see today are positive for the most part, but the vestiges that remain will certainly be more difficult to eliminate.   That is where I feel that we stand today.

Police Trauma Paying the Ultimate Price to Protect and Serve

Police Trauma Paying the Ultimate Price to Protect and Serve Introduction Police Trauma Police officers usually encounter traumatic experiences in the course of their duties that usually predispose them to depression, suicide, alcoholism, and loss of family. Since many police officers are unaware of consequences of traumatic experiences, they find themselves in depression, battling with suicidal feelings, plunging into alcoholism and losing their families.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Police Trauma: Paying the Ultimate Price to Protect and Serve specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Clair (2006), the trauma that police officers experience is proportional to critical incidents that they encounter in the course of their career (p.29). Hence, traumatic experiences, which police officers endure for many years in the course of their profession, have a severe impact on their physical, emotional, and mental health because they ultimately predispose them to depress ion, suicide, alcoholism, and loss of family. Although there are multi-therapeutic approaches of alleviating the impact of traumatic experiences among police officers, lack of awareness or insufficient awareness make many police officers endure traumatic experiences that subsequently affect their physical, emotional and mental health. Therefore, there is a need to identify factors that predispose police officers to trauma so that they can seek appropriate therapy after experiencing traumatic events to reduce susceptibility to depression, suicide, alcoholism, and loss of family. Problem Statement Police officers encounter traumatic experiences in the course of their career that predispose them to depression, suicide, alcoholism, and loss of family. Police profession is normally stressful because police officers often encounter traumatic experiences that have a significant impact on their physical, emotional, and mental health. For police officers to fulfill their responsibilities of policing, they must endure and cope with traumatic experiences that they encounter. Normally, traumatic experiences have a cumulative effect, and Clair (2006) argues that, critical incidents have a cumulative effect in causing trauma, for police officers cannot habituate traumatic experiences that they often experience (p.30). Thus, trauma that police officers have is proportional to traumatic experiences that they have encountered throughout the period of their career in policing. Trauma has a negative impact on physical, emotional, and mental health of police officers, yet many do not realize it because they are unaware of how traumatic experiences affect them. Since traumatic experiences that police officers encounter in the course of their career predispose them to depression, suicide, alcoholism, and loss of the family, it is imperative that police officers should identify their traumatic experiences so that they can seek appropriate therapy to alleviate the physical, emotional , and psychological impact of the trauma.Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Objectives of the Study The objective of the study is to explore the traumatic experiences that police officers encounter in the course of their career, with the view of identifying risk factors that predispose them to trauma. Since traumatic experiences that police officers encounter have a cumulative effect in causing trauma, the study seeks to identify risk factors that cause trauma among police officers. In this view, the study will establish if the experiences that police officers undergo are proportional to trauma that cause negative impact on physical, emotional, and psychological health. Given that the trauma, which police officers experience, determines their susceptibility to depression, suicide, alcoholism, and loss of family, the study will establish if affected individuals s ought any therapy to alleviate the impact of trauma in their lives. Marmar et al. (2006) assert that, individual differences among police officers determine their susceptibility to trauma and related consequences; thus, early intervention is critical to alleviate the impact of trauma (p.2). Given that several factors mediate the impact of trauma on police officers, the study will identify these factors with the objective of enabling police officers seek therapy when they experience critical incidents. Hypotheses The study hypothesizes that, most police officers are suffering from trauma that emanates from experiences of critical incidents and has predisposed them to depression, suicide, alcoholism, and loss of family because they do not seek therapy. Lack of awareness or insufficient awareness of consequences of trauma has made many police officers endure traumatic experiences that ultimately result into depression, suicide, alcoholism, and loss of family. Thus, the study further hy pothesizes that identification of risk factors of trauma can enable police officers to seek therapy in time and avert predisposition to depression, suicide, alcoholism and loss of a family, which are consequences of untreated trauma. Scope of the Study The study will explore traumatic experiences that police officers encounter during their professional duties. Since the study hypothesizes that, the trauma, which police officers endure in the course of their duties predispose them to depression, suicide, alcoholism and loss of family, the study will identify factors that cause trauma among police officers. To determine the impact of trauma on police officers, the study will assess the prevalence of depression, suicide, alcoholism, and loss of family. The study will also explore if police officers are aware of consequences of trauma, and the available therapeutic approaches that they use in alleviating impact of trauma in their lives.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Police Trauma: Paying the Ultimate Price to Protect and Serve specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although trauma has gender orientation, the study will not examine how trauma differentially affects male and female police officers. Thus, the study overlooks the fact that there is differential occurrence of trauma in terms of gender among police officers. Moreover, the study will only examine police officers within a single district since they are many and readily available to be subjects of study. Importance of the Study Study of traumatic experiences that predispose police officers to trauma and subsequently to depression, suicide, alcoholism, and loss of the family is critical in understanding the physical, emotional, and mental health of police officers. Police profession is highly stressful since police officers often encounter traumatic experiences that affect their physical, emotional, and mental health. Hence, exploratio n of traumatic experiences is essential in unraveling causes and consequences of trauma that police officers encounter and endure in the course of their profession. According to Hasselt et al. (2008), trauma that police officers undergo during traumatic experiences impairs their judgment, thus making them not to function effectively in policing (p.134). Hence, it means that trauma does not only interfere with performance of police officers at work but also at their homes. Therefore, understanding of traumatic experiences can help police officers manage their trauma well and prevent predisposition to depression, suicide, alcoholism, and loss of family. Given that therapeutic interventions can effectively alleviate the impact of trauma on police officers, exploration of traumatic experiences in terms of depression, suicide, alcoholism and loss of the family will give an insight into grave consequences associated with trauma. Kgalema (2002) indicates that, police officers often interfa ces with victims and perpetrators of crimes, which predispose them to critical incidents that trigger trauma, hence require awareness of trauma and effective skills of managing trauma (p.1). Thus, the study will increase awareness of trauma among police officers because it identifies traumatic experiences that predispose police officers to trauma and highlight subsequent effects such as depression, suicide, alcoholism, and loss of family. Therefore, if police officers can identify critical incidents and become aware consequences of trauma, they will seek therapeutic intervention in time to avert physical, emotional, and mental consequences of trauma in their lives. Literature Review Introduction Police profession is one of the most stressful and dangerous career because police officers constantly encounter traumatic experiences that predispose them to depression, suicide, alcoholism and loss of family. Thus, literature review indicates that, police officers normally endure traumatic experiences, but they have a cumulative effect, which eventually results into trauma.Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Statistics indicates that the prevalence of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) among police officers is significantly high as compared to its prevalence in the general population. According to Hasselt et al. (2008), the prevalence of PTSD among police officers range from 13% to 34% depending on state and region where police officers work (p.134). Variability in prevalence of PTSD is due to differences in traumatic experiences such as crimes, natural disasters, and accessibility to therapeutic interventions. Thus, literature review examines how traumatic experiences and PTSD predispose police officers to depression, suicide, alcoholism, and loss of family with the objective of identifying risk factors of trauma. Depression The traumatic experiences that police officers encounter and endure, during the course of their duties, make them susceptible to depression. Depression is a psychological disorder that occurs mainly due to the traumatic experiences of life. Since police officers frequently encounter traumatic experiences, they contribute to high incidences of depression among police officers signifying that trauma causes depression. According to Green (2004), prevalence study carried out in UK shows that about 13% of the law enforcement officers experience trauma (p.1). The prevalence rate of 13% is about six times more than prevalence rates of the general population. The study further confirms that, the prevalence rates of trauma are higher in officers who have more experience compared to those who have little experience in police due to the cumulative effect of traumatic experiences. Therefore, it means that trauma and stressors that are inherent in police profession contribute significantly to depression of police officers. Leeds (2009) contends that, traumatic experiences of police such as frequent shootings, fears of an unknown enemy, risk nature of the job, witnessing ordeal, and negative perceptions of public usually depress police officers (p. 4). All these stressors and traumatic experiences are potential causes of depression that make police officers susceptible to depressive trauma. Police profession is emotionally stressing and physically dangerous thus elicits depressive feelings that make police officers be prone to depression. Sanford (2003) argues that, stressors that police officers encounter and endure change personality of officers by causing anger, cynicism, and depression (p.17). Police training attempts to suppress police emotions to enhance their resilience and endurance to critical incidents, but traumatic experiences normally have long-term effect due to the cumulative effect of trauma. Hence, police officers can only endure traumatic experiences up to a point in life where they trigger overwhelming depressive feelings that cause depression. Although police officers may tolerate many traumatic incidences such as witnessing the death of fellow police officer or ordeal of criminals, after a certain period such memories resurface and elicit depressive moods. This illustrates that traumatic experiences associated with policing cumulatively increase susceptibility of police officers to depression. Suicide Traumatic experiences of police officers predispose them to suicide since many police officers commit suicide when they cannot longer manage their trauma. Police profession is not only dangerous but also strenuous emotionally and psychologically because police officers often encounter traumatic experiences such as violence, murder, disasters, and accidents, which cause emotional and psychological disturbances. Brown (2003) debates that, police suicide is a significant problem in police service because suicide claims twice the number of police officers who die in the line of duty (p.7). Deaths due to suicide may be more than the number in reports because many cases are unreported to avoid stigmatization of the bereaved and enable families to claim benefits. Thus, in the United States suicide is a significant cause of death among police officers. Police officers normally commit suicide due to complex of problems that aggravate trauma that they already have due to traumatic experiences of their career. Problems such as financial difficulties, alcoholism, relationship issues, accessibility to dangerous weapons and traumatic experiences compel police officers to commit suicide when they overwhelm their emotional and psychological control. However, since general population also experience some problems that are similar to the ones police officers are grappling with, suicide rates of police officers double that of the general population. Thus, it implies that traumatic experiences of police officers significantly contribute to high rates of suicide reported in police service. According to Brown (2003), when trauma overwhelms police officers, they feel that the only way to overcome challenges in life is by committing suicide (p.2). Hence, suicide is the last resort that polic e officers choose in the face of challenges related to their profession. Alcoholism Given that police officers are enduring traumatic experiences, they opt to abuse drugs such as alcohol to overcome challenges of life. Usually, when people experience problems in life, they resort to drug abuse or alcoholism as means of calming their stress and trauma that seem to overwhelm them. Boyce (2006) argues that, prevalence of alcoholism among police officers is twice that of the general population because trauma predisposes them to abuse drugs (p.2). Traumatic experiences are an integral part of police profession, and such experiences cause trauma, which compels police officers to drink alcohol as a way of relieving trauma and stress associated with policing. Comparatively, police profession is the most demanding and stressful career for police officers cannot endure without abusing drugs or seeking therapy. As many police officers cannot seek therapy to alleviate the impact of trauma that they have, they drink alcohol and abuse other drugs. Since alcohol is readily available and is legal, police officers who have trauma prefer to drink rather than to seek help from friends, family, or psychotherapists. According to Marmar et al. (2006), in the United States, about 10% of police officers are alcoholics while about 15% have experienced adverse effects of alcohol in their lives (p.8). Prevalence of alcoholism among police officers is high relatively to the general population because trauma that they have predispose them to alcoholism. Ellison (2004) argues that, although alcohol reduces frustrations and stress in a police officer, it also increases the potential of causing violence given that police officers can access deadly weapons (p.60). Thus, traumatic experiences contribute to stress and frustration of police officers and predispose them to alcoholism. Loss of family Police officers constantly encounter and endure traumatic experiences in the course of their profe ssion, which ultimately affect the stability of their families. When police officers experience overwhelming trauma, they become violent to not only fellow officers, but also to their own families. Sanford (2003) explains that, family members are usually victims of violence because police officers at times direct their anger to them due to trauma (p.11). During times of trauma, families are not at peace because traumatized police officers come home in a violent mood. Constant violence in the family results into divorce or separation because one of the spouses can no longer endure the ordeal in the marriage. Hence, many families of police officers hardly live in peace because traumatic experiences of policing affect relationships and cause breakage of marriages. Given that police profession does not offer police officers ample time to interact with their families, it contributes to high rates of divorce among police officers. Boyce (2006) contends that, police officers experience hig h rates of divorce compared to the general population because of extended hours of work, unpredictable shift rotations, and traumatic experiences (p.10). Traumatic experiences of a spouse make family live under constant fear of violence. Even though other stressors may strain marriage relationships of police officers, traumatic experiences of policing significantly contribute to high rates of separation and divorce among polices officers. Conclusion Thus, the literature review confirms that police officers encounter and endure traumatic experiences in the course of their career that predispose them to depression, suicide, alcoholism, and loss of family. In this view, the study will conduct research to identify traumatic experiences or critical incidents that predispose police officers to depression, suicide, alcoholism, and loss of a family, which are consequences of untreated trauma. Methodology Introduction Since the objective of the study is to explore traumatic experiences that police officers encounter in the course of their career with the view of identifying risk factors that predispose them to trauma, the study assessed police officers in a given district. To establish dominant factors that cause trauma and subsequently predispose them to depression, suicide, alcoholism, and loss of family, the study surveyed traumatic experiences that police officers encounter and identify risk factors that significantly contribute to development of trauma. Research Design The research design of the study involves two groups of participants, novice, and veteran police officers. Novice police officers have less than two years experience in police service, while veteran police officers have more than two years experience in police service. Objective of using two groups of participants is to find out the relationship between professional experience and the level of depression, alcoholism, suicide, and loss of family. According to Kohli and Bajpai (2006), the level of dep ression among police officers is proportional to their professional experiences. (p.8). Therefore, to establish the extent of trauma due professional experience, the study examined the degree of depression, alcoholism, suicide, and loss of family among police officers. Sampling The study randomly selected 100 participants from a population of police officers in a certain district. Since the study involves two groups of participants, novice and veteran police officers, each group had 50 participants. The novice police officers are the ones who have less than two years experience in police service, while veteran police officers have more than two years of experience. The novice police officers served as a control group in determining the nature and extent of depression, suicide, alcoholism, and family loss among veteran police officers. Given that the researchers targeted various police stations within the district, they employed random method of sampling by ensuring that participants emanated from each police station. Thus, the study sampled 100 participants of police officers because the number could significantly represent police officers and enhance external validity of data required. Research Questions To obtain reliable and relevant data for the study, the researchers administered the following questions to the participants. 1. How many years have you served in police service? 2. Are you happy serving as a police officer? Why? 3. Have ever suffered from depression since you joined the police service? If yes, when did you experience it? 4. If you can suffer from depression, can you seek any therapy? 5. Have you ever encountered traumatic experiences in the course of your profession? 6. What critical incidents do you consider as traumatic experiences? 7. During the course of your profession, have you ever contemplated to commit suicide? 8. In face of overwhelming trauma, can you consider committing suicide? 9. What do you think is the main reason police offi cers commit suicide? 10. Do you abuse any drugs? Why? 11. Do you drink alcohol? Why? 12. Why do you think police officers drink alcohol? 13. Are you married? 14. How many years have you been in marriage? 15. How many children do you have? 16. Are you happily married? Why? 17. In the course of policing, do you feel any strain in your marriage? How? 18. Have you ever divorced you spouse? Why? 19. Have you ever separated with your spouse? Why? 20. Why do you think police officers separate or divorce? Collection of Data and Results The study employed qualitative method of research in collecting relevant data from police officers regarding traumatic experiences. Specifically, the study administered open questionnaires to police officers who provided essential data for research. Use of open questionnaires is appropriate for the study because police officers have the freedom to answer questions according to their varied characters and experiences in policing. Since the study targeted polic e officers in a given district, researchers administered questionnaires, inform of surveys, to police officers at their respective police stations. In enhancing reliability of data, the researchers prepared appropriate questionnaire that is remarkably straightforward in that, police officers can finish completing it within a short period. To collect relevant data in terms of questionnaires, researcher ethically considered that participants need informed consent concerning the study and assurance that information obtained from them is confidential. Prior to the collection of data, researchers made sure that the participants were in a sober mood to enable them complete their questionnaires sufficiently. Data Analysis The findings indicate that trauma that police officers gain in the course of their profession predisposes them to depression, suicide, alcoholism, and loss of family. Concerning depression, the findings indicate that, most police officers, both novice and veteran, have su ffered from depression in the course of their profession. However, significant number of police officers cannot seek therapy because they are not aware of grave consequences of trauma. Since police profession is full of traumatic experiences, police officers considered shootings, brutal death of their colleagues, disasters, and violent crimes as some of critical incidents that predispose them to trauma. According to Stewart (2011), shooting is a critical incident in police service because police officers rarely experience it; thus, its occurrence predisposes police officers to trauma (p.7). Thus, to prevent critical incidents from causing trauma, police officers need to seek immediate therapy when they experience them in the course of their profession. Additionally, the findings confirmed that critical incidents cause PTSD among police officers that eventually predispose them to suicide, alcoholism, and loss of family. Analysis of data in questionnaires shows that about 10% of polic e officers have contemplated committing suicide due to trauma that they experience in their duties. The findings also indicate that, about 15% of police officers use alcohol to relieve stress and trauma, which they experience for they do not seek any form of therapy. Regarding marriage, the findings show that, a significant number of police officers have experienced separation or divorce because trauma makes them develop violent personality, which instill fears on their spouses. Mayhew (2001) argues that, burnout aggravates trauma among police officers since they have insufficient time to manage trauma, they lack support from fellow officers, and the police culture requires them to suppress emotional expression, which ultimately result into marriage breakdown (p.3). Therefore, presence of traumatic experiences and insufficient support coupled with inadequate awareness of consequences of trauma are responsible for development PTSD and related consequences among police officers. Concl usion The study has found out that traumatic experiences that police officers come across during the course of their profession have a cumulative effect. Since traumatic experiences have a cumulative effect, it is imperative for police officers to identify critical indents that predispose them to PTSD and subsequently make them susceptible to depression, suicide, alcoholism, and loss of family. In this perceptive, the study identifies shooting, violent crimes, brutal death of fellow officers and disasters as some of the critical incidents that police officers experience. Thus, police officers need to seek therapy when they experience critical incidents to prevent the occurrence of PTSD and its consequences. References Boyce, J. (2006). Police Officers under Stress. Criminal Justice Institute, 1-19. Brown, P. (2003). Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in Law Enforcement. Criminal Justice  Institute, 1-19. Clair, M. (2006). The Relationships between Critical Incidences, Hostility, and P TSD Symptoms in Police Officers. Drexel University, 1-106. Ellison, K. (2004). Stress and the Police Officer. New York: Charles C Thomas Publisher. Green, B. (2004). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in UK Police Officers. Current Media  Research and Opinion, 20(1), 1-5. Hasselt, V., Sheehan, D., Malcolm, A., Sellers, A., Baker, M., Couwels, J. (2008). The Law Enforcement Officer Stress Survey (LEOSS): Evaluation of Psychometric Properties. Behavior Modification, 32(1), 133-151. Kgalema, L. (2002). Victims Awareness and Trauma Management in Metropolitan Police Services. Center for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation, 1-24. Kohli, K., Bajpai, G. (2006). A Comparative Study of Frustration, Depression and Deprivation among Trainee and Serving Police Officials. Indian Journal of Criminology and Criminalistics, 27(3), 1-16. Leeds, A. (2009). Police Officers’ Responses to Chronic Stress, Critical Incidents and Trauma. Law Enforcement Bulletin, 1-8. Marmar, C., McCaslin, S., M etzler, T., Best, S., Weiss, D., Fagan, J., Liberman, A., Neylan, T. (2006). Predictors of Posttraumatic Stress in Police and Other First Responders. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1071, 1-18. Mayhew, C. (2001). Occupational Health and Safety Risks Faced by Police Officers.  Australian Institute of Criminology, 1-6. Sanford, L. (2003). Critical Incident Stress and the Police Officer: A Pro-Active Approach. Allen Park Police Department, 1-36. Stewart, S. (2011). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and the Effect on Law Enforcement.  Camp Robinson Police Department, 1-19.

Gandhi a great leader essays

Gandhi a great leader essays Few men have ever had as much of an effect on our world as Mohandas Gandhi (1869-1948), though he used the message of peace and love, rather than war and destruction. One time a prominent lawyer in South Africa, Gandhi gave up practicing law and returned to India in order to help ease the suffering of the repressed people of his homeland. Gandhi's love for people and his religious fervor made him a revolutionary in many of his ideas and actions. He desired to see India freed from British rule in a bloodless revolution, similar to the "Glorious Revolution" of Seventeenth Century England. Knowing that violence only begets violence, he began the practicing of passive resistance, or as he called it, "Satyagraha" which means "holding onto truth". In his famous Salt March of 1930, Gandhi and thousands of others marched to a coast where salt lay on the beaches to protest the British Governments' prohibition against the Indians making their own salt. Though many were beaten, arrested and killed, no one fought back. Over the course of his life he led three major crusades, rallied support for nonviolent strikes, urged Indians to boycott anything British, and championed women's rights. Gandhi exemplified many characteristics of a great leader. His love for the people of India was boundless; he wanted nothing more than to serve and help them. Always putting others above himself, he sought to make himself even lower than the lowest member of the Hindu caste system. He even humbled himself to the point of sweeping up excrement left behind by others, hoping to teach that disease was spread in filth. One of his most admirable qualities was that he led by example and never preached that which he was not willing to do himself. A common thread between Gandhi and many other great leaders was that no matter what he did, he did it to the best of his ability. He once said: "No matter how insignificant the thing you have to do, do ...

Digital marketing presents opportunities and challenges to Essay

Digital marketing presents opportunities and challenges to organizations - Essay Example This has in return triggered the human need to stay connected with their friends, thereby triggering the platforms of social networking like Facebook, Twitter etc. in every corner of the globe. Social networking which provides the power to develop linkages between individuals, communities and even organizations have sponsored the growth and development of digital marketing, which runs exclusively on the people media. The purpose of this discussion is to highlight the advantages and negative aspects of digital marketing. The discussion also intends to cover the strategies in which organizations can implement it in order to generate their competitive advantage in the market. Body Chitty and other writers have outlined in their book on digital marketing that the concept of digital marketing helps to target consumers located in every corner of the globe, irrespective of any impenetrable geographical barriers. Also, another point that was highlighted was the fact that the usage of digital marketing leads to the fact of lower cost per contact with regards to the advertising prospects of other marketing media and platforms (Chitty & et.al, 2011, p. 224).Another unique advantage as cited by Kimmel in his book is the fact that online marketing provides the companies with the chance to increase the level of involvement among the intended target audience (Kimmel, 2010, p. 210).However, Smith and Zook in their book, has outlined the fact that the digital marketing pose a significant amount of challenges as well. The important factor is that in the presence of online communities, the company sponsoring the digital marketing is unable to control the comments and feedback of online users. Thus, it has the potential to destruct a company’s brand image on the basis of negative word of mouth marketing by online users on the social networking sites (Smith and Zook, 2011, p. 152). An extra disadvantage as mentioned by Prakin is the fact the digital marketing by multiple com panies may lead to overload of information to the consumers and this increasingly leads to less amount of retention for any particular brand that has participated in online branding activities (Prakin, 2008, pp. 121-139). It has to be increasingly taken into consideration that digital marketing is another form of marketing where the marketing is done online using the internet, while specifically targeting the consumers with the products and services as desired by them. Hence, it is of extreme importance that the companies need to keep in mind that the online marketing activities should be done in a complementing manner with respect to the entire marketing campaign, so that it adds value and increasingly serves the purpose for the marketing campaigns as a whole. The very initial point that has to be taken into consideration while increasingly implementing the tools of digital marketing is the process of delivering the right message from the organizational point of view to the desired target market, which helps in creating a strong bonding between the organization and the target audience. The delivery medium for the voice can range from company sponsored blog pages, twitter updates to the more commonly used social media interfaces ranging from updates on Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter and YouTube. It has to be increasingly kept in mind that the previous mediums that are exclusively sponsored by the companies itself helps in marketing